Find the Common Denominator by Expanding or Simplifying

Expanding One Fraction

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If one fraction can be expanded such that the denominator becomes equal to the other, then you only need to expand that fraction before adding or subtracting.

Example 1

Find 2 5 + 7 15.

2 5 + 7 15 = 2 3 5 3 + 7 15 = 6 15 + 7 15 = 13 15

Rule

Expanding one fraction

When expanding one of the fractions to get the common denominator, you multiply by the missing factor such that the denominators become equal.

In Example 1, you can see that the first denominator is 5 and the other denominator is 15. From the multiplication table you know that 5 is a factor in 15, because 15 = 5 3. So you can expand the first fraction by 3 to get equal denominators.

Example 2

Find 2 9 11 27.

We know that 9 3 = 27, which means we can expand the first fraction by 3. The calculation looks like this:

2 9 11 27 = 2 3 9 3 11 27 = 6 27 11 27 = 5 27

Example 3

Find 19 81 2 9.

We know that 9 9 = 81, which means we can expand the second fraction by 9. The calculation looks like this:

19 81 2 9 = 19 81 2 9 9 9 = 19 81 18 81 = 1 81

Simplify One Fraction

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Want to watch animated videos and solve interactive exercises about expanding fractions to find common denominators?

Click here to try the Video Crash Course called “Addition and Subtraction of Fractions”!

If one of the fractions can be simplified in such a way that the denominator becomes equal to the other denominators, it’s enough to cancel those factors before adding or subtracting.

Example 4

Find 2 3 36 27.

2 3 36 27 = 2 3 36 : 9 27 : 9 = 2 3 4 3 = 2 3

Rule

Simplifying One Fraction

When you simplify one of the fractions to get the common denominator, you divide by factors such that the denominators become equal.

In Example 4, you can see that the first denominator is 3 and that the other denominator is 27. From the multiplication table you know that 3 is a factor in 27, because 27 = 3 9. Simultaneously, 9 is a factor in the numerator 36 = 9 4. That means you can simplify the second fraction by dividing by 9 in both the numerator and denominator to get equal denominators.

Example 5

Find 11 5 + 15 25.

You know that 25 : 5 = 5, which is the denominator of the first fraction, and 15 : 5 = 3. This means that you can reduce the second fraction by dividing both the numerator and denominator by 5. The calculation looks like this:

11 5 + 15 25 = 11 5 + 15 : 5 25 : 5 = 11 5 + 3 5 = 14 5

Example 6

Find 21 49 2 7.

You know that 49 : 7 = 7, which is the denominator of the second fraction, and 21 : 7 = 3. This means that you can reduce the first fraction by dividing both the numerator and denominator by 7. The calculation looks like this:

21 49 2 7 = 21 : 7 49 : 7 2 7 = 3 7 2 7 = 1 7

The math master lying on the floor while drawing on a piece of paper

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