What Are Arithmetic Series?

An arithmetic series is a series in which you have to add a specific difference d to get the next term of the series. Arithmetic series are pretty straightforward, and all the exercises can be solved by using three formulas. Check them out here:

Formula

Arithmetic series

Finding the difference in the series:

d = an+1 an

Finding the nth term of the series:

an = a1 + (n 1)d

Finding the sum:

Sn = a1 + an 2 n

Example 1

You have this arithmetic series

2 + 4 + 6 + 8 +

Find the difference, a formula for the nth term, and the sum of the first 50 terms.

In order to solve this exercise you have use the formulas for arithmetic series. You can find the difference by subtracting two consecutive numbers from the series. You then get:

d = an+1 an = 4 2 = 2.

The formula for finding the nth term is given by

an = a1 + (n 1)d = 2 + (n 1) 2 = 2 + 2n 2 = 2n.

Finally, you can find the sum of the first 50 terms by finding a50. This can be done by using the formula for the nth term where n = 50. You then get:

a50 = 2 + (50 1) 2 = 2 + 49 2 = 100.

a50 = 2 + (50 1) 2 = 2 + 49 2 = 100.

You can now find the sum of the first 50 terms:

S50 = 2 + 100 2 50 = 51 50 = 2550.

Example 2

You know that the third number in an arithmetic series is 7 and the sixth number is 12. Find the difference d and the first term a1.

This is a classical case where you have to solve the exercise with the help of an equation system. You know that the formula for the nth term in the arithmetic series is an = a1 + (n 1)d. If you change the formula by using the information given from the exercise, you will find that a3 = 7 and a6 = 12. Thus, you can use this as a starting point for your two equations.

Firstly, a3 = 7 gives you

a1 + (3 1)d = 7, a1 + 2d = 7, a1 = 7 2d. (1)

Secondly, a6 = 12 gives you

a1 + (6 1)d = 12, a1 + 5d = 12.

By replacing a1 from Equation (1) you get

(7 2d) + 5d = 12, 3d = 5| : 3, d = 5 3.

Finally, you can replace d in Equation (1) and get:

a1 = 7 2 5 3 = 21 3 10 3 = 11 3 .

You have now a1 = 11 3 and d = 5 3.

Example 3

A phone subscription has a $3 starting price, and the price per minute is $2. an is the price of a conversation lasting n minutes. Find an arithmetic series for the price of the subscription. What is the difference d? Find a formula for the sum of the sequence.

If you have a one-minute conversation, the price will be 3 + 2 1 = 5$, if you have a tow-minutes conversation, the price will be 3 + 2 2 = 7$, if you have a three-minutes conversation, the price will be 3 + 2 3 = 9$. Generally, if you have a conversation lasting n minutes, the price will cost

3 + 2 $n.

You can count this as an arithmetic series where the price for a minute is the term a1, the price for two minutes is the term a2, the price for three minutes is the term a3 and the price for n minutes is the term an. The arithmetic series is therefore:

5 + 7 + 9 + + (3 + 2 n)

You can now see that each term is increasing by 2, in such a manner that the difference is d = 2 (price per minute).

In order to find a formula for the sum of the sequence you have to change the terms in the arithmetic series formula. This gives you:

Sn = a1 + an 2 n = 5 + (3 + 2 n) 2 n = 8 + 2n 2 n = 2 (4n + n2) 2 = 4n + n2

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